Opposition to gender equality in the Nordic countries

Recent research points to growing, coordinated opposition to gender equality, sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and LGBTQI+ rights across Europe, yet its effects on practitioners remain under-researched. This study offers an initial assessment of the extent, forms, and impacts of such opposition in the Nordic countries. Based on an online survey of 88 government officials, civil society actors, and academics, the findings reveal widespread harassment and intimidation, most frequently via social media, including legal threats, doxing, and threats of violence. Many respondents reported negative impacts on wellbeing, increased self-censorship, and withdrawal from public engagement. Beyond individual harm, the opposition constrains public debate, academic freedom, and policy development.